Instrument Type

PI

Period and coverage

References

Pre-Agung quiescent period (1958-1962)

North America balloon-borne impactor flights

 

Casella/General-Mills inertial impactors: profile of particle concentrations (Dp>100nm)

Christian Junge, deceased (US AFCRL, Bedford, Massachussetts, USA)

Sioux Falls (43.5°N)

Casella impactor - 22nd,23rd Jul 1957; 11th,18th Apr,26th Aug, 10th,19th Nov 1958; 12th, 15th, 16th, 17th May 1959; 24th Sep 1959

General Mills impactor - 27th Jun 1960, 25th Sep 1960, 23rd Oct 1960

Junge, C. E., C. W. Chagnon and J. E. Manson (1961): Stratospheric Aerosols, Journal of Meteorology, vol. 18, 81-108.
Chagnon, C. W. and Junge, C. E. (1961): The vertical distribution of sub-micron particles in the stratosphere, Journal of Meteorology, vol. 18, 746-752.

India balloon-borne impactor flights

 

General-Mills inertial impactor: profile of particle concentrations (Dp>100nm)

Christian Junge, deceased (US AFCRL, Bedford, Massachusetts)

 

1 balloon sounding at Hyderabad (17.5°N) (4th April 1961)

 

Chagnon, C. W. and Junge, C. E. (1961) The vertical distribution of sub-micron particles in the stratosphere, Journal of Meteorology, vol. 18, 746-752.

 

North America balloon-borne nuclei counter flights

 

Nuclei counter (Aitken-type expansion growth chamber, water as working fluid) measuring vertical profile of particle concentrations (10<Dp<100nm)

Christian Junge, US AFCRL, deceased)

 

Denver (39.7°N): 25th Jun 1959.
Sioux Falls (43.5°N): 3rd Oct 1959, 2nd Nov 1959, 9th Dec 1959; 27th May , 24th Jun, 20th Aug 1960.   
                          

Junge, C. E., C. W. Chagnon and J. E. Manson (1961): Stratospheric Aerosols, Journal of Meteorology, vol. 18, 81-108.

Junge, C. E. (1961) Vertical profiles of condensation nuclei in the stratosphere, Journal of Meteorology, vol. 18, 501-509.

Searchlight data

 

US Army 60-inch anti-aircraft searchlight (General Electric Company model 1942) and 8-inch photo-multiplier detector (type C7140), see Elterman (1951).

Vertical profiles of scattered signals from searchlight using broadband emission (designed for density measurements) conducted at Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA). Note 20.5km separation between searchlight (Cedro Peak, 2.4km altitude) and detector (Sandia Crest, 3.5km altitude).

Needs reprocessing (with searchlight algorithms) for single-wavelength aerosol scattering. 

Louis Elterman,, deceased

1950, 8 profiles Aug (1), Sep (4), Oct (3) (Elterman 1951)

1952, 5 profiles October (Elterman 1953)

 

L. Elterman, A series of stratospheric temperature profiles obtained with the searchlight technique, J. Geophys. Res., 58, 519-530 (1953).

High-altitude airborne in-situ impactor samples from 1960-1962 Project Stardust U-2 flights

 

U-2 impaction-type particle collector samples – impaction onto surfaces of carbon on nitrocellulose film on electron-microscope specimen grids (see Stebbins, 1961, section 3, pages 20- 29; and Friend, 1966 for details on the instrumentation and analysis methods).

James Friend, deceased (Isotopes Inc, Westwood, New Jersey, USA)

Data for 8 samples in 1960 (5 of which are tropical/sub-tropical, see Table 3 page 29 of Stebbins, 1961; and Figures 8 and 12 of Junge & Manson, 1961) and 9 NH mid-latitude samples in 1962 (see Tables 1-3 of Friend, 1966)

Friend, J. P. (1966): Properties of the stratospheric aerosol, Tellus, 18, 465-473.
Junge, C. E. and Manson, J. E. (1961): Stratospheric aerosol studies, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 66, no. 7, 2163-2182.
Stebbins, A. (1961): DASA report 539, see section 3 “Natural Stratospheric Dust” pages 20-36.
https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/606132.pdf